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Babi Yar ((ロシア語:Бабий Яр), ''Babiy Yar''; (ウクライナ語:Бабин Яр), ''Babyn Yar'') is a ravine in the Ukrainian capital Kiev and a site of a series of massacres carried out by German forces and local collaborators during their campaign against the Soviet Union. The most notorious and the best documented of these massacres took place on 29–30 September 1941, wherein 33,771 Jews were killed in a single operation. The decision to kill all the Jews in Kiev was made by the military governor, Major-General Kurt Eberhard, the Police Commander for Army Group South, SS-''Obergruppenführer'' Friedrich Jeckeln, and the ''Einsatzgruppe'' C Commander Otto Rasch. It was carried out by Sonderkommando 4a soldiers, along with the aid of the SD and SS Police Battalions backed by the local police. The massacre was the largest single mass killing for which the Nazi regime and its collaborators were responsible during its campaign against the Soviet Union and is considered to be "the largest single massacre in the history of the Holocaust" to that particular date,〔Wendy Morgan Lower, ''Journal of Religion & Society'', Volume 9 (2007). The Kripke Center, Towson University. I.S.S.N 1522–5658. Retrieved from Internet Archive, May 24, 2013.〕 surpassed only by the ''Aktion Erntefest'' of November 1943 in occupied Poland with 42,000–43,000 victims, and the 1941 Odessa massacre of more than 50,000 Jews in October 1941, committed by Romanian troops. Victims of other massacres at the site included Soviet prisoners of war, communists and Roma.〔(A Museum for Babi Yar ), The Jerusalem Post (23 October 2011)〕 It is estimated that between 100,000 and 150,000 people were killed at Babi Yar during the German occupation. ==Historical background== The Babi Yar (Babyn Yar) ravine was first mentioned in historical accounts in 1401, in connection with its sale by "baba" (an old woman), the ''cantiniere'', to the Dominican Monastery.〔Anatoliy Kudrytsky, editor-in-chiev, ''"Vulytsi Kyeva" (The Streets of Kiev)'', Ukrainska Entsyklopediya , ISBN 5-88500-070-0〕 The word "yar" is Turkic in origin and means "gully" or "ravine". In the course of several centuries the site had been used for various purposes including military camps and at least two cemeteries, among them an Orthodox Christian cemetery and a Jewish cemetery. The latter was officially closed in 1937. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Babi Yar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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